GROUP BY 语句根据一个或多个列对结果集进行分组
在分组的列上可以使用 COUNT()
, SUM()
, AVG()
等函数
GROUP BY 语法格式
SQLSELECT 中语句使用 GROUP BY 子句对查询数据进行分组的语法格式如下
SELECT column_name, function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name;
范例数据
可以在mysql>
命令行中运行以下语句填充范例数据
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tbl_language;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tbl_rank;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tbl_language(
id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
url VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
founded_at DATE,
PRIMARY KEY ( id )
)ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tbl_rank(
id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
month VARCHAR(7) NOT NULL,
rank TINYINT NOT NULL,
rate VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ( id )
)ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
INSERT INTO tbl_language VALUES
(1,'Python','https://pottercoding.cn','1991-2-20'),
(2,'PHP','http://www.php.net','1994-1-1'),
(3,'Ruby','https://www.ruby-lang.org/','1996-12-25');
INSERT INTO tbl_rank VALUES
(1, 'Python','2018-04',4,'5.083%'),
(2, 'PHP','2018-04',6,'4.218%'),
(3, 'Ruby','2018-04',11,'2.018%'),
(4, 'Java','2018-04',1,'15.777%'),
(5, 'Python','2018-03',4,'5.869%'),
(6, 'PHP','2018-03',7,'4.010%'),
(7, 'Ruby','2018-03',12,'2.744%'),
(8, 'Java','2018-03',1,'14.941'),
(9, 'Python','2018-02',4,'5.168%'),
(10, 'PHP','2018-02',7,'3.420%'),
(11, 'Ruby','2018-02',10,'2.534%'),
(12, 'Java','2018-02',1,'14.988%');
tbl_language
表中的数据如下
+----+--------+----------------------------+------------+
| id | name | url | founded_at |
+----+--------+----------------------------+------------+
| 1 | Python | https://pottercoding.cn | 1991-02-20 |
| 2 | PHP | http://www.php.net | 1994-01-01 |
| 3 | Ruby | https://www.ruby-lang.org/ | 1996-12-25 |
+----+--------+----------------------------+------------+
tbl_rank
表中的数据如下
+----+--------+---------+------+---------+
| id | name | month | rank | rate |
+----+--------+---------+------+---------+
| 1 | Python | 2018-04 | 4 | 5.083% |
| 2 | PHP | 2018-04 | 6 | 4.218% |
| 3 | Ruby | 2018-04 | 11 | 2.018% |
| 4 | Java | 2018-04 | 1 | 15.777% |
| 5 | Python | 2018-03 | 4 | 5.869% |
| 6 | PHP | 2018-03 | 7 | 4.010% |
| 7 | Ruby | 2018-03 | 12 | 2.744% |
| 8 | Java | 2018-03 | 1 | 14.941 |
| 9 | Python | 2018-02 | 4 | 5.168% |
| 10 | PHP | 2018-02 | 7 | 3.420% |
| 11 | Ruby | 2018-02 | 10 | 2.534% |
| 12 | Java | 2018-02 | 1 | 14.988% |
+----+--------+---------+------+---------+
使用 GROUP BY 语句对 tbl_rank 中的 name 进行分组
可以使用下面的 GROUP BY 语句将数据表按 name
进行分组,并统计每个 name
有多少条记录
SELECT name, COUNT(*) FROM tbl_rank GROUP BY name;
运行结果如下
MariaDB [souyunku]> SELECT name, COUNT(*) FROM tbl_rank GROUP BY name;
+--------+----------+
| name | COUNT(*) |
+--------+----------+
| Java | 3 |
| PHP | 3 |
| Python | 3 |
| Ruby | 3 |
+--------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
可以使用下面的 GROUP BY 语句将数据表按 name
进行分组,并统计每个 name
的平均排名
SELECT name, AVG(rank) FROM tbl_rank GROUP BY name;
运行结果如下
MariaDB [souyunku]> SELECT name, AVG(rank) FROM tbl_rank GROUP BY name;
+--------+-----------+
| name | AVG(rank) |
+--------+-----------+
| Java | 1.0000 |
| PHP | 6.6667 |
| Python | 4.0000 |
| Ruby | 11.0000 |
+--------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
使用 WITH ROLLUP
WITH ROLLUP
可以实现在分组统计数据基础上再进行相同的统计 ( SUM,AVG,COUNT ...)
例如下面的语句将表 tbl_rank
按 name
进行分组,并统计每个 name
的平均排名,然后统计所有语言的平均排名
SELECT name, AVG(rank) FROM tbl_rank GROUP BY name WITH ROLLUP;
运行结果如下
MariaDB [souyunku]> SELECT name, AVG(rank) FROM tbl_rank GROUP BY name WITH ROLLUP;
+--------+-----------+
| name | AVG(rank) |
+--------+-----------+
| Java | 1.0000 |
| PHP | 6.6667 |
| Python | 4.0000 |
| Ruby | 11.0000 |
| NULL | 5.6667 |
+--------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
其中记录 NULL 表示所有语言的平均排名
coalesce()
可以使用 coalesce()
来设置一个可以取代 NUll
的名称
coalesce()
语法格式如下
select coalesce(a,b,c);
参数说明
1、 如果a==null
则选择b;
2、 如果b==null
则选择c;
3、 如果a!=null
则选择a;
4、 如果abc都为null,则返回为null(没意义);
下面的SQL
语句使用 total
来代替 null
SELECT coalesce(name,'count'), AVG(rank) FROM tbl_rank GROUP BY name WITH ROLLUP;
运行结果如下
MariaDB [souyunku]> SELECT coalesce(name,'count'), AVG(rank) FROM tbl_rank GROUP BY name WITH ROLLUP;
+------------------------+-----------+
| coalesce(name,'count') | AVG(rank) |
+------------------------+-----------+
| Java | 1.0000 |
| PHP | 6.6667 |
| Python | 4.0000 |
| Ruby | 11.0000 |
| count | 5.6667 |
+------------------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)